By TR Crompton
This publication is designed as a pragmatic textual content to be used within the laboratories of the plastic manufacturer and person industries and via others comparable to universities and associations who're focused on difficulties linked to ingredients and adventitious impurities in polymers. it's now approximately 30 years because the writer wrote his first publication in this topic and lots more and plenty has occurred within the box when you consider that then. for instance strong new analytical instruments were made on hand to the chemist by way of a mixture of assorted chromatographic concepts with tools of settling on separated ingredients and their degradation items through concepts in line with infrared and mass spectrometry. particularly supercritical fluid chromatography mixed with mass spectrometry has come to the fore. mixtures of polymer pyrolysis with gasoline chromatography with mass spectrometric id of the pyrolysis items is throwing new gentle on what occurs to antioxidants and different polymer ingredients in the course of polymer processing and a items' lifestyles. equally advanced fuel research after which thermogravimetry and dynamic scanning calorimetry is proving very priceless in antioxidant loss reports. The e-book is an up to date assurance of the current country of data with reference to polymer additive platforms and as such could be tremendous important to employees within the box.
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Additional info for Determination of Additives in Polymers and Rubber
Sample text
These mass spectral differences are a valuable aid in the unambiguous identification of the additives. Wright and co-workers [61] also reported that the spectra obtained show not only that it is possible to directly detect these additives in the polymer formulations, but also that chemical changes undergone by antioxidants, due to either processing or ageing, can also be observed. 5. Antioxidants. 20. In the case of Irganox 1330, the spectra at both these wavelengths are dominated by the molecular ion peak at m/z = 774.
There are many advantages to be gained in being able to chemically speciate additives directly from the polymer matrix as opposed to methods involving a preliminary solvent extraction of the additives from the polymer prior to MS (see Chapter 3) [43, 61, 65-73]. Laser desorption/laser photoionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry is a technique that has great potential for the direct analysis of molecular species from complex host matrices. This two-step approach circumvents many of the problems that have been encountered with other techniques.
The basic concept of MS-MS is to put two mass analysers (MS-1 and MS-2) in tandem. After passing through MS-1, the ions traverse a collision chamber, where a low-pressure gas induces decomposition (fragmentation). In the Finnigan MAT 95Q, MS-1 is a double-focussing (BE) mass analyser, and the collision chamber is contained in an octapole field to enhance transmission. The secondary fragment (or product) ions are then mass-separated in MS-2 and subsequently detected. In the Finnigan MAT 95Q, MS-2 is a quadrupole mass filter.