
By Johan van der Tang, Dieter Kasperkovitz, Arthur H. M. van Roermund
This article covers the research and layout of all high-frequency oscillators required to gain built-in transceivers for instant and stressed functions. beginning with an in-depth evaluation of simple oscillator conception, the authors offer a close research of many oscillator kinds and circuit topologies.
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Extra info for High-Frequency Oscillator Design for Integrated Transceivers (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science)
Sample text
2). Most approaches are generic in the sense that they are of use for the design of analog building blocks in general, including oscillators. The exploration of design methods and methodologies allows us to formulate a number of requirements (or better, desired features) of a structured design method for oscillators. None of the reviewed structured design approaches help the designer in an insightful manner during the important design phase of oscillator type and topology2 selection. 3 a structured design approach is discussed that is based on Figures of Merit (FOMs), which aims at shortening the oscillator design time and it provides qualitative as well as quantitative insight.
Increased noise may, for example, arise from junctions that go into the forward region, whereas the strong nonlinearities involved with the voltage clipping result in harmonics. 2 Automatic gain control A second method for amplitude stabilization is to use an Automatic Gain Control 15 (AGC). AGC: the oscillation amplitude is measured and used in a negative feedback control loop that stabilizes the oscillator amplitude to a set value after start-up. Main reasons to use AGC are as follows [62] Fast and reliable start-up.
3 Design heuristics An analog designer makes a number of heuristic decisions during design. 2. Several “analog design” heuristics are described by the previously referenced paper of Bowman [66]. An extended and commented list is given below from the perspective of an oscillator designer. Hierarchical circuit design. The design of an oscillator starts with its specification. At that stage the oscillator is like a black box, of which only the desired properties are known. Next a circuit topology has to be chosen.