By Aristotle
Contained during this quantity are books by means of Aristotle as regards to good judgment or because the writer might describe it, analytics. 'Prior Analytics and Posterior Analytics' are gathered right here during this quantity translated by way of A. J. Jenkinson and G. R. G. Mure. This quantity including 'Categories, On Interpretation, and On Sophistical Refutations', and 'Topics' kinds the 'Organon' or whole books of Aristotelian common sense. scholars of classical philosophy and literature will locate this quantity of a lot curiosity.
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Prior Analytics and Posterior Analytics
Contained during this quantity are books by way of Aristotle near to common sense or because the writer might describe it, analytics. 'Prior Analytics and Posterior Analytics' are amassed right here during this quantity translated through A. J. Jenkinson and G. R. G. Mure. This quantity including 'Categories, On Interpretation, and On Sophistical Refutations', and 'Topics' types the 'Organon' or whole books of Aristotelian good judgment.
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Example text
4) Affirmative demonstration is more of the nature of a basic form of proof, because it is a sine qua non of negative demonstration. Part 26 Since affirmative demonstration is superior to negative, it is clearly superior also to reductio ad impossibile. We must first make certain what is the difference between negative demonstration and reductio ad impossibile. Let us suppose that no B is A, and that all C is B: the conclusion necessarily follows that no C is A. If these premisses are assumed, therefore, the negative demonstration that no C is A is direct.
A science such as arithmetic, which is not a science of properties qua inhering in a substratum, is more exact than and prior to a science like harmonics, which is a science of pr,operties inhering in a substratum; and similarly a science like arithmetic, which is constituted of fewer basic elements, is more exact than and prior to geometry, which requires additional elements. What I mean by 'additional elements' is this: a unit is substance without position, while a point is substance with position; the latter contains an additional element.
Or again we may ask which side of a contradiction the defining condition necessitates: does it make the angles of a triangle equal or not equal to two right angles? When we have found the answer, if the premisses are immediate, we know fact and reason together; if they are not immediate, we know the fact without the reason, as in the following example: let C be the moon, A eclipse, B the fact that the moon fails to produce shadows though she is full and though no visible body intervenes between us and her.